IUT 1.4: Universal Resolution of 8 Major Physical Anomalies via Information Coupling Efficiency

Abstract Modern physics continues to face challenges in identifying the fundamental principles governing the flow of time and the physical mechanisms that unify the macroscopic and microscopic realms. This study proposes Information Update Theory (IUT) 1.4, which defines the flow of time as a discrete process in which the structural information of a physical system is updated. Derived through a rigorous Lagrangian formalism based on the Principle of Least Action, this theory identifies the "Logarithmic Saturation" of vacuum information density as a fundamental physical reality. The cornerstone of this research is the discovery of the Information Coupling Efficiency (), a single baseline constant representing the vacuum's sensitivity to information processing. This constant is hierarchically projected according to the topological geometry and interaction order of a given system, consistently resolving several major physical anomalies without the ad-hoc introduction of Dark Matter or Dark Energy: Cosmological Anomalies: Simultaneous resolution of the Hubble Tension and the Primordial Lithium Problem through information redshift and information friction mechanisms. Galactic Dynamics: Explanation of the flattening of galactic rotation curves and dynamical hysteresis in cluster collisions (e.g., Abell 520) via the Information Gradient Force (). Quantum Precision Verification: Resolution of the Proton Radius Puzzle through the vacuum metric contraction mechanism and high-precision prediction of the Muon g-2 anomaly. High-Field Effects: Provision of a theoretical saturation limit for vacuum birefringence in magnetars, driven by electromagnetic information saturation. IUT 1.4 satisfies the correspondence principle by naturally reducing to General Relativity in low-density regimes, demonstrating that information is the ontological substrate of physical reality. This work offers a novel pathway to unify Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity through the common language of "Information" and includes specific, falsifiable predictions that can be verified by future observations, such as X-ray polarimetry.