Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Background
It has been known for a long time that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment for OSA; however, it is unknown whether or not CPAP treatment will improve the LVEF. The aim of the current study was to assess whether or not CPAP treatment improves the LVEF. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of CPAP treatment on the LVEF among patients with OSA.
Methods
A literature search of PubMed, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Collaboration’s database were utilized to identify eligible reports for this trial. Ten randomized controlled trails were examined and the meta-analysis was performed using STATA 11.
Results
A significant improvement in the LVEF was observed after CPAP treatment (weighted mean difference(WMD) = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.74–5.44; P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with OSA and heart failure had a significant improvement in the LVEF after CPAP treatment (WMD = 5.18, 95% CI = 3.27–7.08; P<0.001); however, the LVEF of patients with OSA only increased 1.11% and there was no statistical significance (WMD = 1.11, 95% CI = −1.13–3.35; P = 0.331). Furthermore, based on univariate meta-regression analysis, only the baseline AHI had a statistically significant correlation with the LVEF.
Conclusions
Our meta-analysis supports the notion that CPAP may improve the LVEF among patients with OSA.