A Computational Exploration of the Twelve Verses of the Mandukya Upanishad: Integrating Mathematics, Neuroscience, Physics, and Visual Analytics

**Figure Description – Graph Theory Representation of the Mandukya Upanishad** This graph models the philosophical progression presented in the *Mandukya Upanishad* using graph theory. Each node represents a key concept, including **Om**, **Ātman**, the three states of consciousness (Waking, Dream, and Deep Sleep), the Witness, **Turīya**, and the symbolic components of **Om** (A, U, M, and Silence). The edges illustrate conceptual relationships rather than temporal sequences, demonstrating how individual teachings are interconnected within a unified philosophical framework. The graph visually emphasises that the various states of consciousness and the syllables of Om ultimately converge in **Silence**, representing **Turīya**, the non-dual reality that transcends ordinary experience. By representing these concepts as a network, graph theory provides an intuitive visual framework for understanding the interconnectedness, hierarchy, and unity of the teachings of the *Mandukya Upanishad*, making abstract philosophical ideas more accessible for educational and computational analysis.