Noise levels for WT expression, in time.

Noise is a standard deviation using relative residuals, calculated by , where stoch and det are the stochastic and deterministic solutions at each position (energid), respectively; for experimental data, replace stoch with background-removed intensity and det with the trend found by 2D SSA (see Methods). This measure is calculated for the activated region, 15–45%EL (proximal promoter dependent).aAverage of the noise levels (standard deviation in brackets) for the 19 simulations shown in Figure 3F. mRNA was noisier than protein in every simulation (and pFigure 3AB has average noise levels (11% for mRNA, 5.4% for protein).bn = 3 embryos. mRNA was noisier than protein in each embryo (and pFigure 3CD has noise of 22% for mRNA and 4.8% for protein. (Limiting analysis to the strongest mRNA expressing region, 30–45%EL, average mRNA noise decreases (to 25%) and becomes less variable (8.0% std. dev.), while protein noise remains stable (mean, 5.7%; std. dev., 1.3%), increasing the significance for their difference.)