Evaluation of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) Efficacy

Superficial rectal tumors could be removed by ESD with two major advantages showed by the literature: high rate of monobloc resection and R0 resection. Hence, recurrence rate was lower than ERM therapy. This technique is actually performed routinely in Japan and experience is limited in Europe, with few data in the literature.
This study is suggested to patients with superficial medium or distal rectal tumors. The lesion was identified and demarcated using white-light endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, and chromoendoscopy. Then, marking around the lesions was performed. Local injection was made using injection needle, and then mucosal incision was performed around the lesion using endo-knives. Submucosal dissection was performed using endo-knives. Hemostasis and vessel coagulation were practiced using primary hemostatic forceps during the procedure.
Follow-up is one year. For lesion with invasive carcinoma (vessel and lymphatic involvement, undifferentiated, free margin less than 1 mm), a surgical resection is performed.
All the patients have an endoscopic control 3 months after ESD (rectosigmoidoscopy with biopsies):
* For complete resection, an endoscopic control was performed at 1 year.
* For incomplete resection, another endoscopic therapy was attempted (EMR) an endoscopic control was performed at 1 year.
At one year, patient with incomplete resection have a surgical resection.