Basic properties of trophic species food webs.

Fals, Carp, Punt, Flens, Otag, Sylt, and Ythan refer to the food webs for Bahia Falsa, Carpinteria Salt Marsh, Estero de Punta Banda, Flensburg Fjord, Otago Harbor, Sylt Tidal Basin, and Ythan Estuary, respectively. “Free” refers to webs with free-living species only; “Par” refers to webs with parasites but not concomitant links; “ParCon” refers to webs with parasites and concomitant links. S, L, L/S, C, and Cadj are defined in Table 1 (Metrics 1–5). SFree, SPar, and SBas refer to the fraction of taxa that are free-living, parasite, and basal, respectively.