Scaled mean Procrustes errors of predicted latent variables and estimated latent variable loadings for GLLVM estimates based on the plain R and the TMB implementations for the variational approximation and the Laplace approximation methods.

Values are scaled with the number of sites and number of species for comparisons. The true model parameters were obtained by fitting a Bernoulli GLLVM with probit link function for the Indonesian birds data with presence-absences of m = 30, 60, 100 and 140 species recorded at n = 37 sites.