The relation between early language skills and later listening comprehension: Examining three theories

Listening comprehension is often considered the goal of language comprehension and it is also crucial for reading comprehension. Yet, the factors shaping its development in early school years remain unclear. In this longitudinal study we tracked a sample of 198 typically developing children yearly from age four until fourth grade. The data set includes individual measures of language comprehension, including grammar (TROG, Grammatic Closure, past tense), vocabulary (BPVS), as well as processing speed (crossing-out tasks) at age four. Furthermore, and annual listening comprehension measures (NARA) were assessed from ages six to nine. Control measures like children's age, their nonverbal intelligence, as well as mothers highest education are also included in the dataset.