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The study's research team first conducted an intense, two-day concept mapping focus group with a diverse gathering of 17 leading experts on policing and deadly force. During the concept mapping process, experts were asked to identify only the critical variables that affect the difficulty (D) of a deadly force situation and the performance (P) of a police officer in that situation. The outcome of this process was a long list of statements about discrete, measurable variables that affect situation difficulty ("D-statements") and police officer performance ("P-statements"). The research team then developed Likert scales for each statement in order to specify the range of values within each difficulty or performance statement. To determine the meaning of the different values assigned to each statement in terms of how much a given value contributed to the difficulty of a deadly encounter, or to a police officer's performance in that encounter, the team next had 291 use of force instructors from more than 100 different agencies across the United States score the D-statements and P-statements online using a Thurstone equal-appearing-interval scaling process. "Survey Monkey," an online survey instrument, was used to enable efficient scoring of the statements by the raters. Survey Monkey was also used to gather demographic information from each of the use of force instructors. Because the total number of statements was large, the research team divided the D-statement set into four random subsets of items to be scored (D1-D4) and the P-statement set into four random subsets of items to be scored (P1-P4). Each use of force trainer then received a random P+D subset to score. Once a rater had completed a subset pair, he/she was offered an opportunity to score another pair at a later date. If willing, raters were re-contacted the next day and offered a random pair that did not duplicate subsets they had scored previously. Thus, each rater had the opportunity to score all of the items.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集旨在开发评估美国警察在致命武力情境中表现的通用测量尺度，通过概念映射焦点小组和在线调查收集了291名武力使用教官的评分数据，包含685个变量，涵盖难度和表现陈述项及人口统计信息。数据集覆盖2009年至2011年，专注于警察训练和致命武力使用的评估研究。