List of macrofungi in Changbai Mountains

A total of 11,593 specimens were gathered, belonging to 1,392 species, 365 genera, and 113 families. The alpha-diversity analysis revealed higher levels of macrofungi diversity and richness in broadleaved forests compared to conifer forests. Moreover, the abundance of macrofungal species in Quercus mongolica forests (42.96%) was significantly higher than other forest types. The main functional groups identified ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) and wood-decaying fungi (WS), and the species richness exhibited a positive correlation with the relative content of Q. mongolica. The seasonal dynamics showed that the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi (31.9%), wood-rotting fungi (9.77%), and soil-rotting fungi (13.15%) was predominant in the Q. mongolica forest, with the highest species abundance observed in August and July. The RDA analyses indicated that the community and composition of macrofungi in the Changbai Mountains were significantly influenced by climate. The fungal communities exhibited a positive correlation with precipitation and temperature and were influenced by soil moisture and leaf area index (LAI).