Cell-Membrane Immunotherapy Based on Natural Killer Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for the Effective Inhibition of Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth

Developing
effective immunotherapies with low toxicity and high
tumor specificity is the ultimate goal in the battle against cancer.
Here, we reported a cell-membrane immunotherapy strategy that was
able to eliminate primary tumors and inhibited distant tumors by using
natural killer (NK) cell membrane cloaked photosensitizer 4,4′,4′′,4′′′-(porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)
tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP)-loaded nanoparticles (NK-NPs). The
proteomic profiling of NK cell membranes was performed through shotgun
proteomics, and we found that NK cell membranes enabled the NK-NPs
to target tumors and could induce or enhance pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages
polarization to produce antitumor immunity. The TCPP loaded in NK-NPs
could induce cancer cell death through photodynamic therapy and consequently
enhanced the antitumor immunity efficiency of the NK cell membranes.
The results confirmed that NK-NPs selectively accumulated in the tumor
and were able to eliminate primary tumor growth and produce an abscopal
effect to inhibit distant tumors. This cell-membrane immunotherapeutic
approach offers a strategy for tumor immunotherapy.