Fine classification dataset of crops in the transboundary basin of the Heilongjiang River between Russia and China, 2015-2023

The Heilongjiang transboundary basin region, where the Russian Far East and northeastern China are located, is rich in natural resources and has great potential for the development and utilization of agricultural resources. Facing the crisis of increasing global conflicts and shortage of food supply chain, strengthening the monitoring and development and utilization of agricultural resources in the Heilongjiang basin is of great significance to guarantee global food security. In this study, the Heilongjiang transboundary watershed is used as the study area, and machine learning and sample migration methods are applied to construct a comprehensive set of fine classification system for agricultural crops. Based on historical remote sensing image data and the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, the classification of major crops such as wheat, corn, soybean and rice in 2015, 2020 and 2023 was completed with an overall accuracy of more than 84% and a Kappa coefficient of more than 0.81, using Landsat images as the data source.