Historical U.S. tropical cyclone wind data 1900 to 2024.

This historical tropical cyclone (TC) wind dataset was generated for all US landfalling or US by-passing tropical and subtropical cyclones from 1900 to 2024. By-passing storms are storms that did not quite make landfall but still brought strong winds inland. Historical TC track data are obtained from the International Best Track for Climate Stewardship version 4.0 (IBTrACS; Knapp et al., 2010). The Willoughby et al. (2006) parametric radial wind model as provided in the stormwindmodel package (Anderson et al., 2017) is used to model the spatial wind fields above the atmospheric boundary layer. Winds (in knots) are brought down to the surface using a reduction factor of 0.72 within 100 km of the storm center that reduces linearly to 0.6 at 700 km from the storm center (Knaff et al., 2011). Wind gust values are estimated using a fixed gust factor of 1.49 (Harper et al. 2010). Data are measured at the storm-county level using 2010 vintage U.S. Census Bureau geography and the geographic extent is all counties in TC-affected states within the contiguous US. Wind values are calculated at the population-weighted county centroids from the 2010 US Census Bureau (2010). In total, the dataset contains wind metrics from 841 storms that brought tropical storm force gusts (at least 34 knots) to at least one US county.