Galling and predation rates at the eight locations sampled in 1995.

Means (±1standard error) and variances (σ2) of galling and predation rates, given as the site mean calculated across trees (with shoots and branches averaged within trees). Numbers in brackets give the number of trees contributing to each mean. Highest and Lowest tree means indicate means across branches for the trees with the highest and lowest gall density at each site, respectively. In these columns, the numbers in brackets indicate the number of branches of a total of 15/tree bearing ≥1 galls. Asterisks (*) in the first column indicate locations where spatially density dependent relationships were detected (see Figure 2).‡Galls on only 1 shoot in the sample from all 7 trees showed signs of predation. Dunrobin was excluded from further statistical analyses.