Gene expression profile difference among renal location in a stone former

Comparison between renal papilla tissue with and without the presence of calcified Randall’s plaques, and between the papilla, medulla, and cortex regions from within a single recurrent stone forming kidney demonstrated that patterns of gene expression between the papilla, medulla, and cortex that distinguished these three regions from one another. Disease and function analysis of these gene sets demonstrated up-regulation of genes related to urinary/renal disorders, granulocyte response, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dehydration, and renal calcification and down-regulation of genes related to carboxylic acid/ lipid/ fatty acid transport and urine osmolality. Specimen: Needle core biopsy specimens from a recurrent CaOx stone kidney. RNA-sequence was performed by the Illumina HiSeq 4000.