Building Intelligent Sustainable Supply Chains Under Environment Uncertainty

This study examines the mediating role of Green Digital Leadership in the relationships of Digital Capability and ESG Orientation with Intelligent Sustainable Supply Chain capability, and the moderating role of Environmental Uncertainty. Survey data were collected from 216 respondents across supply chain-related industries in Indonesia using purposive sampling. The proposed relationships were assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that Green Digital Leadership mediates the relationships of Digital Capability and ESG Orientation with Intelligent Sustainable Supply Chain capability. These relationships also become stronger under higher Environmental Uncertainty. The findings suggest that leadership helps translate organizational resources and sustainability commitments into supply chain capabilities, particularly under unpredictable business conditions. For practitioners, digital investments and sustainability priorities require leadership that can coordinate organizational resources and respond to changing conditions.