松材线虫病病原群体变异及在中国流行的时空动态研究

针对当前林业生产最重大的危险性有害生物松材线虫在中国快速蔓延、大面积流行的深层次原因及病害流行机制等重要科学问题，开展了松材线虫种群在中国的形态变异、遗传变异、致病性变异以及在中国扩散传播的时空变化规律研究。揭示了松材线虫病在中国发生二十多年来，由点到面、由一个省发生到十多个省发生的基本规律和特点 阐明了松材线虫病在中国的分布具有明显区域聚集特征 建立了我国首个基本涵盖我国现有松材线虫病疫区的松树线虫基因资源库 掌握了松材线虫在中国的种群分化、基因流动、流行扩散传播路线的遗传学证据，从而提出了松材线虫在中国扩散蔓延的主要路径，为我国以防止松材线虫扩散传播为主要防控战略提供了进一步的理论依据和实践指导。在松木中发现鉴定了两个长尾属寄生线虫新种，并已在国际权威杂志上正式发表。 首次全面收集了中国松材线虫病自1982 年以来近30 年在中国发生的详尽资料，应用地理统计学等方法系统分析了松材线虫病在中国发生和流行的宏观动态规律，通过种群遗传学方法，清晰展现了松材线虫种群在新老疫区间的相互联系，科学提出新疫区病原传入的最可能路径。项目总体达到国际先进水平。

Aiming at the key scientific issues including the underlying causes and epidemic mechanisms of the rapid spread and large-scale prevalence of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the most destructive and harmful forestry pest in current forest production, in China, studies were conducted on the morphological, genetic, and pathogenic variations of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus populations in China, as well as the spatiotemporal dynamics of its nationwide spread and transmission. The basic rules and epidemiological characteristics of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus over the past two decades in China—evolving from isolated local foci to widespread outbreaks across more than ten provinces—were revealed, and the distinct regional aggregation pattern of the disease's distribution across China was clarified. The first nationwide pine nematode gene repository covering nearly all existing pine wilt disease epidemic areas in China was established; genetic evidence supporting the population differentiation, gene flow, and epidemic spread routes of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in China was obtained. Based on these findings, the primary transmission pathways of the nematode's spread in China were proposed, providing further theoretical foundations and practical guidance for China's core prevention and control strategy focused on containing the spread of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Two new species of parasitic nematodes in the genus Longicaudus were discovered and identified from pine wood, and have been formally published in international authoritative peer-reviewed journals. For the first time, comprehensive and detailed datasets documenting the occurrence of pine wilt disease in China over the nearly 30 years since 1982 were compiled. Systematic analysis of the macroscopic dynamic patterns of the occurrence and prevalence of pine wilt disease in China was carried out using methods including geostatistics. The genetic interconnections between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus populations in old and new epidemic areas were clearly elucidated via population genetics approaches, and the most likely pathways for pathogen introduction into new epidemic areas were scientifically proposed. The overall project has reached the international advanced level.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦松材线虫病在中国的流行规律和病原群体变异，通过形态、遗传和致病性变异研究揭示了其扩散传播的时空变化规律，并建立了首个松树线虫基因资源库，为病虫害防治提供了科学依据。