Prioritization of Martian Sites by Temporal Coherence Index (CRCT v1.1) – Backward Noachian Habitability and Futureward Human Exploration Potential

This dataset presents a prioritization of 20 key Martian sites using the Temporal Coherence Index (CRCT v1.1). The index combines:- Backward coherence: estimated conditions during the Noachian period (~3.8–4.1 Ga), when Mars had liquid water, thicker atmosphere and active magnetic field.- Futureward coherence: potential for human exploration, in-situ resource utilization and early terraforming (~2100–2250). Sites evaluated (20):Jezero Crater, Nili Fossae, Gale Crater, Mawrth Vallis, Oxia Planum, NE Syrtis Major, Hellas Planitia, Holden Crater, McLaughlin Crater, Valles Marineris, Arabia Terra, SW Melas Chasma, Terby Crater, Utopia Planitia, Huygens Crater, Elysium Planitia, Columbus Crater, Ismenius Lacus, Olympus Mons, South Polar Cap. Input parameters:- Evidence-based scores for ancient habitability (water evidence, clay minerals, deltas, etc.).- Scores for futureward ISRU (ice, solar energy, landing feasibility, radiation protection).- Orbital, geological and climatic cycles based on current Mars science. Output:- Top ranking by backward coherence (ancient biosignature potential).- Futureward coherence values.- Combined ranking (60% backward + 40% futureward).- Full table in CSV format and visualization. The method is fully reproducible in Python (source code included). This ranking aligns with current NASA/ESA landing site priorities while offering a novel multiscale temporal perspective in backward and futureward directions. License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)