Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

Pollinators are important drivers of floral trait evolution, yet plant populations are not always perfectly adapted to their pollinators. Such apparent maladaptation may result from conflicting selection through male and female sexual functions in hermaphrodites.
We studied sex-specific mating patterns and phenotypic selection on floral traits in Aconitum gymnandrum. After genotyping 1786 offspring, we partitioned individual fitness into sex-specific selfed and outcrossed components and estimated phenotypic selection acting through each.
Relative fitness increased with increasing mate number, and more so for male function. This led to greater opportunity for selection through outcrossed male fitness, though patterns of phenotypic selection on floral traits tended to be similar, and with better support for selection through female rather than male fitness components. We detected directional selection through one or more fitness components for larger flower number, larger flowers, and mo..., , , # Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness

P\_ID: identity for each plant
self\_rate: estimated selfing rate, ratio data with no dimension
sirnum\_C\_P: sire number through outcrossing per plant, measured in number
Re\_fit\_M\_C: relative male outcrossing fitness, ratio data with no dimension
seeds\_T\_P: seeds produced per plant, measured in number
Re\_fit\_Fe\_T: relative female total fitness, ratio data with no dimension
F\_num: number of flowers, measured in number
Me\_Galea: Mean Galea height, measured in mm
Me\_nectar: mean nectar volume, measured in μL
slop\_nectar: nectar gradients, coefficients and with no dimension
mates\_male\_Fun\_T: number of mates they donate pollen, measured in number
mates\_female\_Fun\_T: number of mates they received pollen, measured in number