Adjusted odds ratios for the association between peptic ulcer disease and chronic kidney disease, stratified by Helicobacter pylori infection and ulcer location (duodenal ulcer and gastric ulcer).

†Adjusted model: adjusted for age, sex, urbanization, comorbidity, medications, and patient status (inpatients vs. outpatients). §Non- CKD: all patients without chronic kidney disease. #Non-HD CKD: chronic kidney disease patients never undergoing any dialysis therapy. &HD-CKD: chronic kidney disease patients ever receiving hemodialysis. *Temporary: chronic kidney disease patients receiving hemodialysis ¶Long-term: chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis ≥3 months. Abbreviations: OR = odds ratios; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; CKD = chronic kidney disease; NA = not applicable.