Data and code from: Rising flood risks in semi-arid South Asia driven by changing intraseasonal oscillations under global warming

Northwestern South Asia, encompassing the historically semi-arid regions of Pakistan and northwest India, has seen increased persistent heavy rainfall and catastrophic flooding in recent decades. While most studies emphasize seasonal mean changes, the role of subseasonal dynamics remains unclear. Here, we present observational evidence that the northward-propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) has strengthened and penetrated farther inland, with its convective anomalies amplifying rainfall extremes. Simultaneously, the southeastward-propagating midlatitude ISO along the westerly jet has slowed, prolonging anomalous circulations that sustain rainfall episodes. Together, these ISOs account for ~44% of the observed increase in flood frequency, a contribution comparable to that from mean-state changes (~40%). CMIP6 projections suggest that these ISO–driven processes will further intensify flood risks, posing escalating threats to this climate-sensitive region under continued glo..., , , # Data and code from: Rising flood risks in semi-arid South Asia driven by changing intraseasonal oscillations under global warming

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.bzkh189qd](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bzkh189qd)

## Description of the data and file structure

Code Repository for \"Rising flood risks in semi-arid south Asia driven by changing intraseasonal oscillations under global warming\".

This repository contains the key code for reproducing all analyses and figures presented in the manuscript \"Rising Flood Risks in Semi-Arid South Asia Driven by Changing Intraseasonal Oscillations under Global Warming\" and its Supplementary Information.

## Data availability

All source data used in this study are publicly available from the respective official websites. Therefore, this repository provides:

* Plotting codes for all figures
* Key data processing scripts
* Major computational algorithms

For detailed methodological descriptions, including common analytical approaches, please refer to...,