Table 2 in Historical biogeography of North American killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes) recapitulates geographical history in the Gulf of México watershed

Table 2. Divergence estimates with confidence intervals (CIs) for numbered chronogram nodes (Fig. 3) that are evaluated in this study. Environmental events potentially associated with phylogenetic divergences (reciprocal illumination) are provided. Further description is provided in the main text, with references.
NodeDivergence (node)Age estimate (Mya) (95% highest posterior density CI)Reciprocal illumination1Cyprinodontidae – Fundulidae / Cubanichthyidae– Goodeidae – Profundulidae52.3 (58.62–45.79)59.2–47.8 Mya: Tropic of Cancer retracted to 27°N (Nearctic–Neotropical subdivision, ecological diversification) 55.8–55.0 Mya: Gulf of México drawdown (vicariance)2Cyprinodontidae / Fundulidae46.2 (54.77–37.63)48.2 Mya: North American drainage reorganization (dispersal–vicariance cycle) 47.5, 46.9, and 45.6 Mya: Sea-level minima (vicariance)3Cubanichthyidae/ Goodeidae – Profundulidae 45.9 (54.82–35.79)48.0 Mya: maximum sea level (ice-free world) (dispersal) 47.5, 46.9, and 45.6 Mya: sea-level minima (glaciation) (vicariance)4Goodeidae / Profundulidae30.0 (39.19–21.38)35.0–25.0 Mya: Chiapas Massif uplift and drainage capture (Profundulidae vicariance) 33.9 Mya: Madrean River capture (Goodeidae vicariance) 31.8 Mya: cyprinodontidae southward immigration (ecological replacement)5Profundulus / Tlaloc22.1 (30.66–14.19)35.0–25.0 Mya: uplift and erosion of Chiapas Massif foreland captures Upper Río Grijalva (vicariance)6Empetrichthyinae/ Goodeinae17.9 (23.32–12.90)23.0 Mya: North American drainage reorganization, Great Basin tectonism (vicariance)7Characodontini–Ilyodontini/crown Goodeinae13.4 (16.78–10.25)14.0–5.0 Mya: San Marcos Fault reactivation (vicariance) 13.6–10.6 Mya: Los Encinos volcanism (San Luis Potosí) (vicariance) 12.0 Mya: Metates Volcanism (Durango) (vicariance)8Cyprinodontidae / Floridichthys – Jordanella pulchra31.8 (42.33–21.61)33.9–26.0 Mya: Oligocene icehouse (dispersal–vicariance cycle)9Cyprinodon – Megupsilon – Jordanella / Cualac21.9 (29.87–14.61)27.8–16.0 Mya: Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Chicontepec Basin uplift (vicariance)10Jordanella floridae / Megupsilon – Cyprinodon16.8 (23.27–10.76)17.0–13.8 Mya: Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (dispersal–vicariance cycle)11Megupsilon / Cyprinodon10.9 (14.91–7.37)11.8 Mya: development of Río San Fernando (vicariance)12Fundulidae / Leptolucania30.4 (39.35–22.47)30.0 Mya: Oligocene oxygen isotope zone 2 (Oi2) sea-level fall (dispersal–vicariance cycle)13Fundulus / Wileyichthys – Lucania24.8 (31.31–19.12)25.1 Mya: Oligocene oxygen isotope zone 2c (Oi2c) sea-level fall (dispersal–vicariance cycle)14Lucania / Wileyichthys15.29 (30.72–7.47)23.0 Mya: Basin and Range drainages separate from Río Grande (vicariance)15Crown Fundulus main split20.47 (24.24–17.11)20.8 Mya: Miocene oxygen isotope zone 1a (Mi1a) sea-level fall (dispersal–vicariance cycle)16Fundulus / Fundulus majalis – Fundulus persimilis – Fundulus similis17.9 (20.98–15.15)19.7–17.0 Mya: sea-level rise culminating in Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (dispersal) 15.6 Mya: disjunct Guadalupe River delta arises (vicariance and ecological isolation)17Zygonectes / Fundulus sciadicus – Plancterus16.6 (20.38–12.98)17.0 Mya: nascent Great Plains ~68% open habitat (ecological isolation)