Seawater carbonate chemistry and sex determination and reproduction of Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata)

In this study, we investigated 1) the role of pH in sex determination (i.e., pH-mediated sex determination, namely,PSD); 2) the potential of PSD to be maintained across generations and in the natural environment; 3) the effects of low pH on reproductive traits, fecundity, and offspring development; and 4) the existence of candidates of sex-specific genes and the potential molecular mechanisms underpinning PSD. For this, we used the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata, also known as Magallana angulata), as a model system.