<i>Lonicera maackii</i> (Rupr.) Maxim: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and clinical application

<i>Lonicera maackii</i> (Rupr.) Maxim (hereinafter referred to as <i>L. maackii</i>) is a perennial deciduous that has been used as a medicinal plant, ornamental tree, and green plant in China. Phytochemical studies have shown that <i>L. maackii</i> contains 223 bioactive compounds, including volatile oils, flavonoids, iridoids, organic acids, polysaccharides and other compounds. Pharmacological studies have shown that the extract of <i>L. maackii</i> has a variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic effects. <i>L. maackii</i> preparations are widely used to treat respiratory and inflammatory diseases, especially paediatric bronchopneumonia and bronchitis, with significant efficacy. Novel nanomaterials prepared from the fruits of <i>L. maackii</i> have potential for a wide range of applications in medical imaging, sensing, anticounterfeiting, and environmental monitoring. This review summarises the information available in the scientific literature on <i>L. maackii</i>, covering its pharmacognostic identification, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities and clinical applications.