Analytical parameters of the biosensors.

This study describes the development of electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity to detect pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, in aqueous environments. The biosensors employ the antimicrobial peptides Ib-M1 and Ib-M6 as biorecognition elements, immobilized on gold nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrodes via a self-assembled monolayer. Detection was achieved through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, achieving remarkably low limits of detection of 1.4 CFU/mL for E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus, and 0.8 CFU/mL for P. aeruginosa. The biosensors exhibited linear detection ranges of 0–100 CFU/mL for E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus, and 0–75 CFU/mL for P. aeruginosa. Notably, the incorporation of carbon nanotubes significantly improved analytical sensitivity of the biosensors, particularly for E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus. These results highlight the potential of the proposed biosensors for rapid, on-site monitoring of microbial contamination in drinking water, food processing environments, and clinical settings.