Prevalence and levels of antibodies to PfRh4 antigens.

Notes:
1Seropositive (number of seropositive individuals) and percentage (%) of seropositive individuals were defined by IgG reactivity that was higher than the mean plus three standard deviations of control sera (unexposed donors) measured by ELISA. Median optical densities (OD) are displayed; [IQR] - interquartile range.
2Age: ≤9.0 yrs indicates individuals younger than 9 years of age; >9.0 yrs indicates individuals older than 9 years of age.
3Parasitemic status: PCR-, indicates P. falciparum was not detected by PCR; PCR+, indicates P. falciparum was detected by PCR.
4P values were calculated using the chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for comparisons of seroprevalence, or using the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparisons of antibody level.