Biogenic credibility of Zirconium nanoparticles

The XRD Devise (X'Pert Pro Materials Research diffractometer system) was used to gather XRD patterns, and the Carl Zeiss Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) provided the morphological changes of ZrO 2 nanoparticles. UV spectrum (Shimadzu UV- 1700
PharmaSpec double beam UV–Vis Spectrophotometer) and KBr pellets aided FTIR spectra (Shimadzu FTIR-8400S) generated signals across 4000–450 cm−1. Sterile seeds placed in a transparent plastic box was coated with sterile filter paper dispersed with varying concentrations of Nano ZrO 2 and was subjected to agronomical and pathological studies for 14 days.

X-ray Diffraction (XRD): Operated at 40 kV voltage and 30 mA current. Diffraction patterns were scanned across 2θ range of 20° to 90° with a scanning speed of 0.05°/min using the X’Pert Pro Materials Research diffractometer.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): Spectra collected using KBr pellet technique across the 4000–450 cm⁻¹ range with a resolution of 5 cm⁻¹ on a Shimadzu FTIR-8400S spectrometer.
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM): Images acquired at 15 kV accelerating voltage with 500× magnification using a Carl Zeiss microscope to assess nanoparticle morphology.

Graphical & Imaging Data Includes:
Zone of inhibition images: antimicrobial activity against pathogens.
Seed germination visuals: root and shoot elongation across ZrO₂ dosages.
Tomato seedling development: growth comparison under treated and control conditions.
Graphical comparisons: dose–response curves, enzyme activity, and plant growth metrics.