The transcriptomic differences between Th1, Tr1, and Tneg cells in controlled human malaria infection

This study was designed to determine the differences in gene transcripts between CD4+ T helper (Th)1, Tr1, and Tneg cells during controlled human malaria infection. Bulk RNA-sequencing was performed on CD4+ T helper (Th)1 (IFNγ+ IL-10-), Tr1 (IFNγ+ IL-10+), and Tneg (IFNγ- IL-10-) cells sorted from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of n = 6 participants in a controlled human malaria infection trial at day 14 p.i. Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin prior to sorting by cytokine capture flow cytometry.