Parental knowledge about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and attitudes to infant immunization with monoclonal antibodies
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Ninety percent of children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) within their first two years of life. RSV is the main cause behind hospitalization of infants with lower respiratory tract infections. A new monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunization may prevent RSV in all infants. This cross-national study aimed to examine parental knowledge about RSV and attitudes to such RSV immunization. Based on a literature study, a questionnaire was designed and applied in a survey carried out in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the UK, and the US. Eligible respondents were expecting their first baby or parents of children <24 months old who were open to vaccination. Parental acceptance of immunizations relies on perceptions of the preventable disease. In 5627 parents, only 35% reported basic or good level of knowledge about RSV. Recommendation from health care professionals and inclusion in immunization programs were crucial to their acceptance of RSV immunization. If recommended and informed about its efficacy and safety, most parents would accept RSV mAb immunization for their infants. Infant RSV infections are highly prevalent, yet parental awareness of RSV is poor. Country variations call for targeted communication about RSV and immunization. Almost all children (90%) are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) before the age of two. Most cases of RSV are mild, but RSV remains the main cause behind hospitalization of infants with lung infections, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. A new immunization with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is currently being developed to prevent RSV in infants. While traditional vaccines act to mobilize a person’s own production of antibodies to fight a virus, immunization with mAbs means that antibodies are given directly. We know that parents’ attitudes to childhood vaccination depend on their views on childhood diseases and vaccination in general. Therefore, we wanted to examine what parents know about RSV. How widespread and severe do parents think RSV infection is? Would they like their infants to receive RSV immunization? To answer these questions, we carried out a survey in eight Western and Asian countries. More than 5000 people who were either expecting their first baby or already parents of under two-year-olds answered the questionnaire. Their responses showed that awareness of RSV was poor as two-thirds of parents had never heard of RSV or knew only the name. Once exposed to information about a hypothetical immunization against RSV disease, the immunization was considered beneficial; however, recommendation from health care professionals and inclusion in immunization programs were crucial to the parents’ ultimate acceptance of RSV immunization. If recommended and well informed about its safety and efficacy, most parents would accept mAb immunization against RSV for their infants.
90%的儿童在出生后的前两年内会感染呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）。呼吸道合胞病毒是引发婴儿下呼吸道感染住院治疗的主要病因。一款新型单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody, mAb）免疫制剂或可实现所有婴儿的RSV感染预防。本跨国研究旨在评估家长对RSV的认知水平，以及其对这类RSV免疫手段的接受态度。研究团队基于文献调研设计了问卷，并在中国、法国、德国、意大利、日本、西班牙、英国及美国开展了问卷调查。符合纳入标准的受访者为待产第一胎的孕妇，或是家中有未满24个月幼儿且对疫苗接种持开放态度的家长。家长对免疫接种的接受程度，取决于其对可预防性疾病的认知情况。在5627名受访家长中，仅有35%表示对RSV具备基础或良好的认知水平。医疗保健专业人员的推荐，以及将RSV免疫纳入常规免疫规划，是家长接受RSV免疫接种的关键影响因素。若家长获得关于该免疫制剂有效性与安全性的相关信息并得到专业推荐，绝大多数家长都会同意为婴儿接种RSV单克隆抗体免疫制剂。 婴儿RSV感染的患病率极高，但家长对RSV的认知水平却普遍薄弱。不同国家间的认知差异提示，需针对各国情况开展针对性的RSV及免疫接种科普宣传。几乎所有儿童（90%）都会在两岁前感染呼吸道合胞病毒。多数RSV感染病例症状轻微，但RSV仍是引发婴儿肺部感染（如毛细支气管炎与肺炎）住院治疗的首要病因。目前，科研人员正研发一款基于单克隆抗体（monoclonal antibody, mAb，复数形式mAbs）的新型免疫制剂，以预防婴儿感染RSV。传统疫苗的作用机制是调动人体自身产生抗体以对抗病毒，而单克隆抗体免疫则是直接为人体注入外源性抗体。 我们已知，家长对儿童疫苗接种的态度，取决于其对儿童疾病与疫苗接种的整体看法。因此，本研究旨在探究家长对RSV的认知情况：家长认为RSV感染的传播范围与严重程度如何？他们是否愿意为婴儿接种RSV免疫制剂？为解答上述问题，研究团队在8个欧美及亚洲国家开展了问卷调查。共有超过5000名受访者参与，其中包括待产第一胎的孕妇，以及家中有未满两岁幼儿的家长。调研结果显示，家长对RSV的认知水平普遍偏低，三分之二的家长要么从未听说过RSV，要么仅知晓其名称。当家长接收到关于假想的RSV疾病免疫接种的相关信息后，普遍认为该免疫手段具有获益性；但医疗保健专业人员的推荐以及将RSV免疫纳入常规免疫规划，仍是家长最终接受RSV免疫接种的核心前提。若家长获得关于该免疫制剂安全性与有效性的充分信息并得到专业推荐，绝大多数家长都会同意为婴儿接种RSV单克隆抗体免疫制剂。
