Data from: Genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in Spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. ssp sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi,
considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from
Eurasia. In Spain natural populations of Vitis vinifera ssp sylvestris can
still be found along river banks. In this work we have performed a wide
search of wild grapevine populations in Spain and characterized the amount
and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear SSR loci. We
have also analyzed the possible coexistence in the natural habitat of wild
grapevines with naturalized grapevine cultivars and rootstocks. In this
way, phenotypic and genetic analyses identified 19% of the collected
samples as derived from cultivated genotypes, being either naturalized
cultivars or hybrid genotypes derived from spontaneous crosses between
wild and cultivated grapevines. The genetic diversity of wild grapevine
populations was similar than that observed in the cultivated group. The
molecular analysis showed that cultivated and wild germplasm are
genetically divergent with low level of introgression. Using a model-based
approach implemented in the software STRUCTURE we identified four genetic
groups, with two of them fundamentally represented among cultivated
genotypes and two among wild accessions. The analyses of genetic
relationships among wild and cultivated grapevines could suggest a genetic
contribution of wild accessions from Spain to current western cultivars.