A study on exploring that type I ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-MMC induces significant apoptosis in lung cancer A549 and 95-D cells by activating caspase cascade through TNF signaling pathway based on transcriptome sequencing

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of toxic proteins with RNA N-glycosidase activity, predominantly found in plants. Owing to their antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor biological activities, RIPs have garnered extensive global attention. Alpha-momorcharin (alpha-MMC), a typical type I ribosome-inactivating protein, exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. Lung cancer is a leading cause of global incidence and mortality; however, current treatment methods remain limited, and patients have poor prognoses. In this study, based on the results of transcriptome sequencing, a series of in vitro studies were conducted on lung cancer A549 and 95-D cells, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Moreover, an in-depth investigation was performed on its mechanism pathways.