Terrain ruggedness and land cover: Improved data for most research designs

Existing arguments about the effect of terrain on intrastate and interstate violence are more varied than the data sources widely used to test such relationships. We introduce precise geo-referenced data on terrain ruggedness and land cover globally at the national, provincial, and 1× 1 km grid-square levels. Accordingly, the data are readily applicable to a wide range of research designs, including cross-national, sub-national and single-country designs, as well as any study that uses geographic information system data. A full description of this data and demonstration of its utility are contained in a Conflict Management and Peace Science article by Andrew Shaver, David Carter, and T.S. Shawa.相较于学界广泛用于检验此类关联的主流数据源，现有关于地形对国内与国家间暴力冲突影响的学术争论更为纷繁复杂。本研究提供了一套精准的全球地理参考数据集，涵盖地形崎岖度与土地覆被数据，数据粒度覆盖国家级、省级以及1×1平方公里网格单元三个层级。据此，该数据集可广泛适配各类研究设计，包括跨国研究、次国家层面研究与单一国家研究框架，同时适用于所有使用地理信息系统（Geographic Information System, GIS）数据的研究。该数据集的完整说明与效用验证已刊载于Andrew Shaver、David Carter与T.S. Shawa合著的《冲突管理与和平科学（Conflict Management and Peace Science）》期刊论文中。