Agricultural Integrated Pilot Survey 2018 - Ghana

Abstract
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The AGRIS Ghana Pilot test was implemented in 4 districts of the Ashanti Region (Ahafo Ano South, Asante Akim North, Ejura Sekye Dumase, and Sekyere Afram Plains) in February 2018, to collect information on:
- Crop and livestock production as well as data on farm characteristics, diversification and structures;
- Farm revenues and expenses;
- Type of labour used by the agricultural holding;
- Farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment;
- Farm machinery, equipment and assets.

The general objective of the pilot was to customize AGRIS instruments and methodologies for adoption as a standard tool to efficiently gather relevant and reliable agricultural data for policy making and monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The specific objectives of the AGRIS Ghana pilot were as follows:
- Elaborate the overall set up of AGRIS in Ghana;
- Customize the content of the AGRIS questionnaire to the Ghanaian context;
- Assess the overall efficiency of the customized, integrated questionnaires and their feasibility in terms of length, flow, use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), and integration of core and rotating modules;
- Assess the difficulty and relevance of each question, each section and each generic questionnaire for different types of holdings;
- Test the use of Survey Solutions software to implement CAPI data collection, and the current version of the CAPI questionnaires;
- Assess the relevance of the training material developed to train survey enumerators and supervisors.

Geographic coverage
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District level coverage. The 4 district covered by the survey were:
- Ahafo Ano South (CORE+PME)
- Asante Akim North (CORE+MEA)
- Ejura Sekye Dumase (CORE+LABOUR)
- Sekyere Afram Plains (CORE+ECO)

Analysis unit
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Agricultural holdings in the household sector

Universe
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All households, agricultural or not, in the 4 surveyed districts.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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1. The Sampling Frame
The initial plan for the pilot survey was to consider as statistical units, agricultural holdings covering both the household and the non-household sectors, as proposed in the AGRIS methodology.
For holdings in the household sector, no updated list of agricultural households in the country was available, and therefore a sampling frame needed to be established. To do so, the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) was used to build a frame of EAs which were the primary sampling units (PSUs) of the adopted sampling design. After selecting the sample of PSUs in the four districts of interest, a complete list of holdings in the selected EAs was built. All households, agricultural or not, present in the selected EAs were listed.

Holdings in the non-household sector are by definition, economic units such as commercial farms and government institutions engaged in agricultural production. GSS and MoFA provided a list of these holdings to be used as sampling frame. Therefore, the plan was to use as the overall sampling frame a multiple frame composed of the two lists described above (one for the household sector and one for the non-household sector). However, after further discussion and evaluation, it was determined that the list of holdings in the non-household sector could not be considered as a reliable sampling frame for the targeted units. As a consequence, the data collected for the 80 non-household units could not be analysed to represent holdings in the nonhousehold sector.

2. The Sampling design
A stratified two-stage sampling design was used for the holdings in the household sector. The PSUs were the EAs and the secondary sampling units (SSU) were the agricultural households.

3. The Sampling Size
For holdings in the household sector, the calculation of sample size was performed fixing the minimum degree of precision required for the final estimates of main variables of interest. The variable considered to determine the sample size was the area of the agricultural land owned by the households. This information had been collected during the 2012-2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey 6 (GLSS6). Therefore, data from this survey was used to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV) of the variable of interest in the chosen four districts.
It should be noted that the estimation domain of the GLSS6 was the region. For that survey, a two-stage sampling design was used and the PSUs (EAs) were selected in each region with the probability proportional to size (PPS). The measure of size was given by the number of individuals in each region, provided for the chosen districts for the AGRIS-Ghana pilot survey by the GLSS6. For the estimation of the CV of the households' agricultural land, it was assumed that the EAs sampled in GLSS6 and located in the target districts were selected in these districts with the same method of selection (PPS). Thus, the households included in the sample were supposed to have been selected with a two-stage sampling design.

The formula for the computation of the sampling size can be consulted in the final report of the survey.

The number of households to be surveyed in each PSU is fixed to 10. Therefore, the size of the sample of PSU is the size of the sample of the households divided by 10.

Sampling deviation
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As mentioned in the sampling procedure section, holdings in the non-household sector were not included in the survey, as per initial plan, due to a problem in the listing frame provided by the Ghana Statistical Service.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The AGRIS Core module integrated with the Economic module (Core+ Eco) collected information on household and holding characteristics, agricultural production and economic activities of agricultural holdings. A full appraisal of the contents of the questionnaires can be get by downloading the questionnaires in the documentation section.

Response rate
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Out of 370 households planned for interview, 366 were interviewed (98.91% response rate).

摘要
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AGRIS加纳试点测试于2018年2月在阿散蒂地区的四个区（阿哈福阿诺南、阿桑特阿基姆北、埃朱拉塞基杜马塞和塞克雷阿弗拉姆平原）实施，旨在收集以下信息：
- 农作物和牲畜生产，以及关于农场特征、多元化和结构的数据；
- 农场收入和支出；
- 农业经营单位所使用的劳动力类型；
- 农业实践及其与自然环境的联系；
- 农场机械、设备和资产。
试点项目的一般目标是为政策制定和监测可持续发展目标（SDGs）提供相关可靠的数据，将AGRIS工具和方法定制为标准工具。
AGRIS加纳试点项目的具体目标如下：
- 确定AGRIS在加纳的整体设置；
- 将AGRIS问卷内容定制成符合加纳国情；
- 评估定制、综合问卷的整体效率和其可行性，包括长度、流程、计算机辅助个人访谈（CAPI）的使用以及核心和旋转模块的整合；
- 评估每个问题、每个部分和通用问卷对不同类型经营单位的相关性和难度；
- 测试使用Survey Solutions软件实施CAPI数据收集以及当前版本的CAPI问卷；
- 评估为培训调查员和监督员开发的培训材料的相关性。
地理覆盖范围
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区级覆盖范围。调查涵盖的四个区为：
- 阿哈福阿诺南（核心+PME）；
- 阿桑特阿基姆北（核心+MEA）；
- 埃朱拉塞基杜马塞（核心+LABOUR）；
- 塞克雷阿弗拉姆平原（核心+ECO）。
分析单位
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家庭农业部门中的农业经营单位
总体
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所有四个调查区的家庭，无论是否从事农业。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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1. 抽样框架
试点调查的初始计划是将农业经营单位（包括家庭和非家庭部门）作为统计单元，如AGRIS方法所提出的。对于家庭部门中的经营单位，由于缺乏该国农业家庭的最新名单，因此需要建立抽样框架。为此，使用了2010年人口和住房普查（PHC）来构建一个框架，该框架中的地区行政单位（EAs）是所采用的抽样设计中的主要抽样单元（PSU）。在选定四个感兴趣区的PSU样本后，建立了所选EAs中经营单位的完整清单。在所选EAs中，所有农业或非农业家庭都被列入清单。
非家庭部门的经营单位按定义是经济单位，如商业农场和参与农业生产的政府机构。GSS和MoFA提供了这些经营单位的名单，作为抽样框架使用。因此，计划使用上述两个清单（一个用于家庭部门，一个用于非家庭部门）组成的多个框架作为总体抽样框架。然而，经过进一步讨论和评估，确定非家庭部门的经营单位名单不能作为针对目标单元的可靠抽样框架。因此，收集的80个非家庭单位数据无法进行分析，以代表非家庭部门的经营单位。
2. 抽样设计
对于家庭部门中的经营单位，使用了分层两阶段抽样设计。PSU是EAs，而次级抽样单元（SSU）是农业家庭。
3. 抽样规模
对于家庭部门中的经营单位，根据所需的最小精度确定最终估计主要变量的样本规模。用于确定样本规模的变量是家庭拥有的农业土地面积。此信息是在2012-2013年加纳生活标准调查6（GLSS6）期间收集的。因此，使用此调查的数据来估计所选四个区中感兴趣的变量的变异系数（CV）。应注意的是，GLSS6的估计范围是地区。对于那次调查，使用了分层两阶段抽样设计，并在每个地区使用与规模成比例的概率（PPS）选择了PSU（EAs）。大小衡量标准是每个地区的个人数量，由GLSS6为AGRIS-Ghana试点调查提供的所选区提供。为了估计家庭农业土地的CV，假设在GLSS6中抽取的EAs，位于目标区，这些区使用了相同的选区方法（PPS）。因此，样本中的家庭应被视为使用两阶段抽样设计选择的。样本规模计算的公式可在调查的最终报告中查阅。每个PSU要调查的家庭数量固定为10。因此，PSU样本的大小是家庭样本大小除以10。
抽样偏差
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如抽样程序部分所述，由于GSS提供的名单中存在问题，非家庭部门的经营单位未包括在调查中。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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AGRIS核心模块与经济模块（核心+生态）相结合，收集有关家庭和经营单位特征、农业经营单位和农业经营单位的农业生产和经济活动信息。可以通过下载文档部分中的问卷来全面评估问卷内容。
应答率
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原计划访谈370户家庭，实际访谈了366户（应答率为98.91%）。