Rat-to-human extrapolated key parameter values in the PBPK and toxicokinetic modelsa.

aAll the parameters are defined in the Appendix S1 with the usual nomenclature: Vmax representing the maximum velocity rate of metabolism, Km the Michaelis-Menten affinity rate constant, VAT the adipose tissue volume and QAT the blood flow rate to adipose tissues.bThis is the scaling constant (Crat-human = 1020.03) for rat-to-human extrapolation of metabolic constants.cThis is the ratio of glomerular filtration rates in rats (1.31 mL/min) and in humans (125 mL/min) as reported by Davies and Morris (1993).dValues for the bile flow rate in rats (22.5 mL/day) and in humans (350 mL/day) from Davies and Morris (1993).eAccording to the scaling proposed by Morimoto et al. (1992) relating the permeability coefficient in humans and hairless rat skin, and octanol-water partition coefficient, fS = (1.17×10−7 6.190.751+2.73×10−8)/(14.78×10−7 6.190.589+8.33×10−8).