Misaligned plastic and evolutionary responses of lifespan to novel carbohydrate diets

Diet elicits varied effects on longevity across a wide range of animal species. For example, diets low in protein and high in carbohydrate typically extend lifespan while diets high in protein tend to reduce it. Although studies have also shown that diet-induced lifespan changes can persist through transgenerational plasticity, whether such changes lead to evolutionary shifts in lifespan remains unclear. In this study we combine experimental evolution and phenotypic plasticity assays to address this gap. Using Drosophila serrata, we investigated the evolutionary potential of lifespan in response to four novel diets spanning a carbohydrate-protein gradient. We also examined developmental plasticity effects using a set of control populations that were raised on the four novel environments. Our results show that although lifespan evolved in response to changes in dietary carbohydrate concentration, the plastic responses for lifespan differed from the evolved responses. The direction of the..., , , # Title of Dataset: Misaligned plastic and evolutionary responses of lifespan to novel carbohydrate diets

## Description of the Data and file structure

The data are from an assay measuring the effects of diet on lifespan in D.serrata

The data set is saved as a excel file. Each row corresponds to observations for one individual.

The data set has the following columns:

1. id - A unique identification code assigned to each fly.

2. vial - A vial number nested within diet that records which vial adult flies were reared in.

3. sex - The sex of the flies

4. spop - Each alphabet (A-D) corresponds to one of the four replicates for each dietary treatment.

5. ediet - Evolutionary diet treatments

6. tdiet - Developmental diet treatments

7. days - Lifespan of flies

8. censored 1 if flies were included in the analysis, or zero if flies escaped during the lifespan assay and were excluded from the analysis

N.B Diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 correspond to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 S:Y r...