STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR MODELING OF STEEL FRAMEWORKS UNDER COMPLEX LOADING CONDITIONS.

This paper investigates the mechanical response and structural analysis methodologies of steel frameworks, which serve as the backbone of modern civil infrastructure. The study synthesizes classical analytical formulations with the Finite Element Method (FEM) to evaluate structural integrity under diverse static and dynamic loading scenarios. Key phenomena, including P-Delta effects, stress triaxiality, and the transition from linear elastic behavior to plastic hinge formation, are rigorously analyzed. Using a benchmark cantilever beam model, the research demonstrates how high-fidelity numerical simulations enhance the prediction of failure thresholds. The findings provide critical insights for optimizing material usage while ensuring the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability of steel structures.