Article dataset

This dataset contains quantitative data collected as part of an explanatory sequential study examining the effects of animation, 3D materials, and virtual manipulatives on middle school students’ performance in nonverbal mathematical proofs.The dataset includes pre-test and post-test achievement scores obtained from 63 eighth-grade students attending a public middle school in Türkiye. Participants were assigned to three demographically similar groups and engaged in four instructional sessions totaling 640 minutes, each using a different instructional tool.The quantitative data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA to examine the effects of instructional tools on post-test performance, and mixed-design ANOVA to investigate changes in achievement over time and differences between groups.All data were anonymized prior to upload, and no personally identifiable information is included. This dataset is suitable for secondary analysis, replication studies, and comparative research on instructional tools in mathematics education.