Replication Data for: The Moderating Roles of Power-Grid Quality and Natural Resources on Unemployment: Evidence from Iran

This dataset provides annual national time-series for Iran, 1991–2024, used in the article “Do Power-Grid Quality and Natural Resources Moderate Unemployment under Economic Shocks? Evidence from Iran.” Variables include: unemployment rate (U, % of economically active population; World Bank WDI—ILOSTAT/ILO Modelled Estimates, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS); consumer price inflation (CPI, annual %, WDI—IMF IFS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG); output gap (OUTPUTGAP, % of potential GDP, IMF WEO Oct-2024); real effective exchange rate (REER, index 2010=100, WDI—IMF IFS, PX.REX.REER); net migration (NETMIG, persons—reported in thousands; UN DESA WPP via WDI, SM.POP.NETM); natural resources depletion (NRD, % of GNI, WDI—Adjusted Savings/Changing Wealth of Nations); agricultural land share (AGL, % of land area, WDI—FAO); water-stress index (WSI, 0–100, WDI—FAO AQUASTAT, SDG 6.4.2); capacity factor (CF, power-plant capacity utilization = 100 × generation / (nameplate capacity × 8,760 h), %, Tavanir); installed nameplate capacity per person (NCAPpc, kW per person, derived from Tavanir capacity and WDI population); transmission and distribution losses (LOSSES, % of output, WDI, EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS); and an annual sanctions indicator (ShockC, 0/1) coded 1 when ≥50% of calendar days fall inside a sanctions window (UTC: Wave I 2012-07-01–2015-12-31; Wave II 2018-05-08–2020-12-31; legal anchors: OFAC program & E.O. 13846; EU Decision 2012/35/CFSP and Regulation (EU) No 267/2012).