Mammal communities in tropical region are more vulnerable to human pressures than temperate region

The dataset contains three documents: Comm.csv, Env.csv and Traits.csv. The Comm.csv is a wildlife occurrence table in 81 camera trapping sites in southeast Asia, with rows represent camera trapping sites and columns represent detected wildlife species; The Env.csv is spatial coordinates, environmental and anthropogenic variables for each camera trapping sites, with rows represent camera trapping sites and column represent coordinates and environmental and anthropogenic variables; the Traits.csv is traits values for each mammal species detected by camera trapping survey, with rows represent mammal species and columns represent functional traits. R version 4.4.2 were used to calculate the log-response ratio of homogeneity (LRR homogeneity), log-response ratio of shift (LRR shift), as well as functional diversity metrics and to produce Figure 2-5 in the manuscript.Abstract: Human activities intensely interfere the distribution and behavior of wildlife, driving rapid changes in community structure. Despite some progress in unraveling the associations between human pressures and community assembly processes, effective connections between various biodiversity indicators, such as compositional homogenization and functional patterns, have yet to be established. Here, we compiled an extensive camera trapping dataset from 3,509 camera-trap sites spanning over 20 degrees of latitude across tropical and temperate forests in Southeast Asia to assess the impacts of human pressures on the composition and diversity of mammal communities. We quantified changes of homogeneity and functional patterns in relation to human pressures within and across forests. We show that community assembly is broadly affected by human pressures, with communities in Tropical & Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests (TSMBF) exhibiting greater vulnerability than those in Temperate Coniferous Forests (TCF), as evidenced by pronounced compositional homogenization and distinct changes in functional traits. High-intensity human modification promoted compositional homogenization alongside functional trait divergence, while long-term building density change rate drove functional trait convergence. This study demonstrates that integrating compositional and functional indicators provides a more holistic understanding of anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity. The heightened vulnerability of tropical mammal communities underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies in these regions to curb the replacement of endemic specialists with widespread generalists.