GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE: A COMPLEX INTERPLAY

This study investigated the association between gingival hyperplasia and various systemic diseases and medications. Data from 1055 patients were analyzed, including those with leukemia, pregnancy, diabetes, and those taking medications known to induce gingival hyperplasia (phenytoin, cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers). Results indicated a significantly higher prevalence of gingival hyperplasia in patients with leukemia (40%, 95% CI: 30-50%) and poorly controlled diabetes (25%, 95% CI: 20-30%) compared to the control group (4%, 95% CI: 2-6%). Pregnancy also showed a statistically significant increase in gingival hyperplasia, with prevalence rising from 15% in the first trimester to 25% in the third trimester. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia was observed in a substantial proportion of patients receiving phenytoin (35%), cyclosporine (25%), and calcium channel blockers (27%). Clinical characteristics of gingival hyperplasia varied depending on the underlying etiology, with leukemia-associated hyperplasia often presenting as severe, generalized, and friable tissue. These findings highlight the importance of considering systemic factors and medication profiles when assessing and managing gingival hyperplasia. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these associations and to optimize treatment strategies.