Carnivore species detected during the camera trap survey in Mole National Park, Ghana, and estimated mean occurrence (<i>ψ</i>) and detection (<i>p</i>) probabilities and covariate effects on occurrence.

The proportion of 224 sampling sites at which carnivore species were detected reflects observation data, whereas ψ and p are model-averaged estimates from the multi-species hierarchical mixture model (means and standard deviations from posterior probability distributions for species-specific parameters). Site covariates of occurrence are shown for cases where the posterior probability distribution from the full model for the corresponding species-specific coefficient indicated a potential effect (i.e., posterior mass not concentrated at 0; distributions are given in Appendix S3). aScientific names in Table S1. bDirection of effect indicated as either positive (+) or negative (−) association of species occurrence probability with the particular covariate. For the different prey biomass covariates, only the strongest effect is indicated.