Joint effect of climate and health shocks on coping strategies against expenditure following health shock, Sundarbans, West Bengal, India.

Note: #Expenditure items include direct costs of treatment, expenses on drugs and medicines, transport, and related expense such as those incurred on food or lodging for patients and accompanying person(s).
@ denotes that the testing of hypotheses for difference of means (results in column B-F) was carried out only for the households reporting an incidence of health shock (n = 94).
∧The coefficients in column G are odds-ratios on the ‘multiple-shock’ variable – households experiencing both the health shock as well as high-impact due to climatic shock – from logit regressions with the dependent variable in the corresponding row of the first column. Health shock variable is for illness of household head and/or spouse. The comparison group for column G coefficients is households with health shock alone (with a less-impact of Climatic shock). Models additionally control for (log) total health expenses, pre-shock vulnerabilities (see text) and village-level fixed effects. Coping models (items B and C, in column A) also controls for the self-assessed ‘difficulty in financing’ variable.
Figures in parentheses are t-statistics testing for the hypothesis that the variable is not different from zero.
* *p<0.05, *** p<0.01.
Joint effect of climate and health shocks on coping strategies against expenditure following health shock, Sundarbans, West Bengal, India.