Association between Schistosoma infection and Schistosoma antigen-induced cytokine profiles.

Figure 1 shows the fit of infection intensity and Figure 2 that of infection status (uninfected, single S. mansoni, single S. haematobium, versus mixed infections) onto each of the four Schistosoma antigen-induced cytokine profiles (either SEAm, SEAh, AWAm or AWAh), obtained by the ‘metaMDS’ and ‘envfit’ functions (see also Supporting Information S1) [12], [13]. Here, the goodness of these fits, i.e. squared correlation coefficients (R2), are shown. The statistical significance was assessed using permutation tests (n = 999), and presented p-values are approximations.