Caffeine Decreases Muscle and Tendon Protein Synthesis and Engineered Ligament Strength In Vitro and Attenuates Adaptation to Exercise In Mice

Danielle Steffen^1,2*, Kevin J.M Paulussen³, Ryman Crone¹, Benjamin Tucker¹, Suraj Pathak¹, Keith Baar^1,3,4<br>¹Department of Neurobiology, Physiology &amp; Behavior; University of California, Davis, USA²Institue of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark³Physiology and Membrane Biology; University of California, Davis, USA⁴VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA.