The mechanisms and applications of endocytosis and exocytosis in breast cancer therapy

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies and the leading type of cancer in women, posing a serious threat to female health. The therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer treatments is closely associated with the efficiency of drug uptake. Endocytosis and exocytosis, as fundamental cellular transport mechanisms, are key determinants of drug absorption and play essential roles in chemotherapy, targeted drug delivery, and the development of drug resistance. Endocytosis can enhance drug uptake and targeting efficiency, but may also contribute to resistance. In contrast, exocytosis is a primary mechanism driving drug resistance. This review summarizes the mechanisms and regulatory pathways of endocytosis and exocytosis in breast cancer therapy, highlighting their influence on treatment efficacy. A deeper understanding of these processes provides valuable insights for improving drug delivery strategies and overcoming resistance in breast cancer.