Morphology supports the geographic pattern of genetic differentiation of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> (Pinaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula

<i>Pinus syvestris</i> from the Iberian Peninsula was biometrically compared, using needle morphological and anatomical characteristics from 15, and cone morphological characteristics from nine natural populations. Samples of Scots pine represent subspecies <i>nevadensis</i> and varieties <i>pyrenaica</i>, <i>catalaunica,</i> and <i>iberica</i>. Analyses included 25 needle and 17 cone characteristics and numerical methods (principal component analysis, discrimination analysis, agglomeration on Euclidean/Mahalanobis’ distances). A strong differences were detected between <i>P. sylvestris</i> subsp. <i>nevadensis</i> when compared to varieties <i>pyrenaica</i> and <i>iberica</i>, and a closer relationship to var. <i>catalaunica</i> in needle characteristics. In cone characteristics, the differences were at a similar level. Alien individuals were found within every taxon and population. Samples from the southern part of Sistema Central had the highest level of alien individuals. The geographic pattern of differentiation resembles patterns previously revealed using molecular and isoenzymatic markers. We could not detect characteristics specific to either <i>P. sylvestris</i> subsp. <i>nevadensis</i> or varieties of <i>P. sylvestris</i> subsp. <i>sylvestris</i>. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2021.1922532 .本研究以伊比利亚半岛的欧洲赤松（*Pinus sylvestris*，原文疑似笔误为Pinus syvestris）为材料，利用15个天然种群的针叶形态与解剖性状、9个天然种群的球果形态性状开展生物统计学比较分析。供试样本涵盖欧洲赤松内华达亚种（*Pinus sylvestris* subsp. *nevadensis*）以及比利牛斯变种（*P. sylvestris* var. *pyrenaica*）、加泰罗尼亚变种（*P. sylvestris* var. *catalaunica*）和伊比利亚变种（*P. sylvestris* var. *iberica*）。本研究共纳入25项针叶性状与17项球果性状，并采用主成分分析、判别分析、基于欧几里得距离/马哈拉诺比斯距离的系统聚类法等数量分类学方法。结果显示，欧洲赤松内华达亚种与比利牛斯变种、伊比利亚变种之间存在显著差异；在针叶性状层面，该亚种与加泰罗尼亚变种的亲缘关系更为接近。球果性状的差异程度与之处于同一水平。各分类单元与天然种群中均存在异源个体，其中西班牙中央山脉南部的样本异源个体占比最高。该分化的地理模式与此前通过分子标记及同工酶标记所揭示的模式高度相似。本研究未检测到欧洲赤松内华达亚种，以及欧洲赤松指名亚种（*P. sylvestris* subsp. *sylvestris*）各变种的专属形态特征。本文的补充数据可通过以下链接在线获取：https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2021.1922532。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于伊比利亚半岛欧洲赤松的形态学研究，通过分析15个种群的针叶和9个种群的球果特征（共42个特征），使用数值方法比较了亚种nevadensis与多个变种之间的差异。研究发现形态学数据支持先前遗传标记揭示的地理分化模式，亚种nevadensis与变种catalaunica在针叶特征上关系更近，且所有种群中均存在外来个体，其中南部Sistema Central地区外来个体水平最高，但未发现特定分类群的独有特征。