<b>National-scale 1KM maps of hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China</b>

Enhancing equitable access to health services is a key objective of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. A comprehensive understanding of a nation's hospital accessibility is crucial for ensuring public welfare and social equity. Existing datasets define hospital accessibility using travel time to hospitals, without considering the supply and demand dynamics in hospital allocations and actual availability of medical resources for each individual. To overcome this limitation, we developed and validated a national-scale 1 KM map of both hospital travel time and hospital accessibility in China. We used Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (Ga2SFCA) model to calculate accessibility, incorporating hospital capacity and service population. Various file types and statistical indicators are provided, making the dataset highly accessible for non-specialists. The dataset fills the gap in publicly available nationwide hospital accessibility data for China and can serve as a critical tool in optimizing resource allocation and developing targeted strategies to improve healthcare equity.