Tiwari et al. 2025 Main data_ Drought and warming interact to suppress their independent negative effects on soil respiration by amplifying rewetting-induced pulses.xlsx

As climate extremes intensify, interactions among environmental drivers are expected to alter soil respiration (SR) and its response to rewetting, increasing uncertainty in carbon-climate feedbacks. However, the interactive effects of drought and warming, two commonly studied climate stressors, on SR remain elusive due to limited research and a lack of high-resolution data. This study investigated overall SR (SRₒᵥₑᵣₐₗₗ, encompassing both drying and rewetting phases) and rewetting-induced respiration pulses (SRₚᵤₗₛₑ), along with their apparent sensitivity to temperature and moisture under factorial combinations of rainfall and warming treatments in a field-based pasture climate-manipulation experiment. Rainfall extremes were derived from 30 years of regional climate records, while warming was imposed as a continuous, year-round increase of +3 °C. The drivers of SRₒᵥₑᵣₐₗₗ and SRₚᵤₗₛₑ were identified by analysing climatic variables together with soil parameters from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere zones. An automated flux monitoring system was deployed to measure hourly SR across eight campaigns from October 2023 to November 2024.