全球地震灾害信息目录

结合国家重点基础研究(973)计划项目“汶川地震发生机理及其大区动力学环境研究”中第四课题的第五专题关于全球地震构造格局和地震活动性研究的需要，在前人研究的基础上，编辑了《全球地震灾害信息目录(9999B.C.～2010A.D.)》。

1992年Paula等收集出版的《全球重大灾害性地震目录(2150B.C.～1991A.D.)》，该书于1995年由罗伟等译成中文并由地震出版社出版。在Paula等的工作之后，美国地质调查局(USGS)的国家地震信息中心(NEIC)自1992年起延续编制全球重大灾害性地震目录，并发布在USGS网站。包括Paula等汇编的资料，USGS收集了自公元前2150年至2011年6月全球重大灾害性地震信息共5700多条，地震信息包括时间、地点、震级、震源深度、烈度、死亡人数(或死亡级别)、经济损失数目(或经济损失级别)、受伤人数(或受伤级别)、房屋毁坏数目(或房屋毁坏级别)、房屋受损数目(或房屋受损级别)以及海啸等信息。

在Paula等人和USGS工作的基础上，本书着重做了两方面工作，一是进一步扩展灾害性地震信息资料，汇集了相关项目(如GSHAP项目等)以及日本、中国、意大利、美国、菲律宾、朝鲜和韩国等相关研究的资料，将地震灾害信息目录尽可能往前追溯，使地震灾害信息由USGS网站(含Paula等的资料)5700多条拓展到13000多条。二是增加相关条目中的地震信息，重点是确定和补充震级参数。在USGS网站的5700多条地震信息中，震级参数的缺失占有相当的比例，在公元前2150年至1899年的地震信息中，无震级参数的地震事件占69.2%，在1900～2009年的地震信息中，无震级参数的占14.4%。因此，确定无震级地震事件的震级参数是本书研究工作的重点。专题组在研究中建立了地震灾害信息的优势震级概念，根据地震发生的不同构造区域和自然区域、不同年代、不同灾害类型、不同震源深度等因素，通过分类统计研究，建立了在不同条件下的地震灾害信息的优势震级参数并给出震级误差范围。在此基础上，确定了无震级地震事件的震级参数4400多条。

To fulfill the research requirements of the fifth theme of the fourth sub-project under the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) entitled *Study on the Occurrence Mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Regional Dynamic Environment*, which centers on global earthquake tectonic framework and seismic activity, the *Global Earthquake Disaster Information Catalog (9999 B.C. ~ 2010 A.D.)* was compiled based on existing scholarly research.

In 1992, Paula et al. collected and published *Global Catalog of Great Destructive Earthquakes (2150 B.C. ~ 1991 A.D.)*, which was translated into Chinese by Luo Wei et al. and published by Seismological Press in 1995. Subsequent to the work of Paula et al., the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has maintained the compilation of global catalogs of major destructive earthquakes since 1992, releasing the dataset via the USGS official website. By incorporating the data compiled by Paula et al., USGS has collected over 5,700 records of global major destructive earthquakes spanning from 2150 B.C. to June 2011, with information covering time, location, magnitude, focal depth, seismic intensity, number of fatalities (or fatality level), economic loss amount (or economic loss level), number of injuries (or injury level), number of collapsed buildings (or building collapse level), number of damaged buildings (or building damage level), and tsunami-related details.

Building upon the efforts of Paula et al. and USGS, this catalog has implemented two key improvements: First, it expands the dataset of destructive earthquake information: by aggregating data from relevant projects such as the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment (GSHAP) Project and scholarly studies from Japan, China, Italy, the United States, the Philippines, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the Republic of Korea, and extending the temporal coverage of the earthquake disaster records as far back as possible, the total number of entries has been increased from over 5,700 on the USGS website (including data from Paula et al.) to more than 13,000. Second, it enriches the earthquake information in each entry, with a primary focus on determining and supplementing magnitude parameters. Among the over 5,700 earthquake records on the USGS website, a significant portion lacks magnitude parameters: specifically, 69.2% of seismic events from 2150 B.C. to 1899 have no magnitude data, while this proportion decreases to 14.4% for events occurring between 1900 and 2009. Accordingly, determining magnitude parameters for seismic events without such data constitutes the core task of this study. The research team established the concept of dominant magnitude for earthquake disaster information. Through classified statistical analyses based on factors including tectonic region, natural region, time period, disaster type, and focal depth of each earthquake, the team derived dominant magnitude parameters and their corresponding error ranges for different scenarios. Based on this framework, magnitude parameters were determined for more than 4,400 seismic events that originally lacked such data.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个全球地震灾害信息目录，时间跨度从公元前9999年到公元2010年，收录了超过13000条重大灾害性地震事件记录，包括时间、地点、震级、伤亡等详细信息。其特点在于整合了多个国际来源的数据，并重点补充了震级参数，通过优势震级方法确定了4400多条缺失震级的事件，旨在支持地震构造和活动性研究。