Large floral displays increase self-pollination but do not affect visitation rates in Clarkia concinna

Optimal floral display (the number of simultaneously open flowers) is frequently viewed as a balance between pollinator attraction and avoidance of pollinator-mediated interfloral selfing (geitonogamy). However, the most beneficial display size may be affected by pollinator abundance, pollinator identity, and other environmental variables. We determined the effects of individual floral display and patch size on pollination outcomes in natural populations of a mixed-mating annual plant, Clarkia concinna. We predicted that individual plants with larger floral displays would have both greater pollinator visitation and more geitonogamy. Additionally, we tested whether the effects of floral display would be greater in smaller patches of plants. Larger individual floral displays increased total geitonogamy, but the effect of display on geitonogamy differed among pollinator taxa. Visitation rates were lower in small patches for some pollinators. However, individual display size did not affect ..., In the springs of 2014 and 2015, we conducted five studies on the floral display size, patch size, and pollinator assemblage of Clarkia concinna in northern Napa, southeastern Lake, and northwestern Yolo Counties, California. Here, Clarkia concinna grows in mixed serpentine chaparral and riparian woodland communities. Mixed serpentine chapparal is dominated here by evergreen shrubs such as Arctostaphylos viscida, Ceanothus jepsonii, and Quercus durata, and includes a Pinus sabiniana overstory. Riparian woodlands are comprised of a fairly dense but generally low canopy of Populus fremontii, Aesculus californiaca, Cercis occidentalis, Salix laevigata and additional medium-sized trees, with a shrub layer of Rhus trilobata, Rosa californica, and others. These habitats grade into each other in locations where the rocky serpentine hillsides meet ephemeral or permanent streams. In both habitat types, Clarkia concinna populations occur patchily on steep slopes and road cuts with shallow soil an..., , # Large floral displays increase self-pollination but do not affect visitation rates in Clarkia concinna

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2nz2](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8pk0p2nz2)

## Description of the data and file structure

We determined the effects of individual floral display and patch size on pollination outcomes in natural populations of a mixed-mating annual plant, *Clarkia concinna*. We conducted a series of 5 studies. We tested for a tradeoff between pollinator attraction and geitonogamy avoidance by comparing total visitation rates and geitonogamy across floral display sizes. We predicted that larger floral displays would have both higher per-flower visitation rates and increased geitonogamy. We then investigated how patch size may affect this tradeoff. We predicted that flowers in small patches would have lower visitation rates from fewer pollinator taxa. Additionally, we tested whether patch size changes the effects of floral display size. We factorially manipulat...